449 Lee promptly ordered Longstreet: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 332.

449 began “to melt away”: Ibid.

449 “Almost immediately”: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 152.

449 As Longstreet’s guns were firing: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 332.

450 “threw every man in his army”: Ibid.

450 “The artillery would gallop”: Gilbert Moxley Sorrel, Recollections of a Confederate Staff Officer (New York: Neale, 1905), 98, quoted in Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 334.

450 As Jackson began to advance: Long, Memoirs of Robert E. Lee, 510.

450 Lee himself rode forward: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 154.

451 Longstreet pushed his men: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 335.

451 “Why, General”: Robert E. Lee, Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee, 76–77.

452 Both wings of the Confederate army: Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 114.

452 “Though the fighting”: Esposito, The West Point Atlas of American Wars, text accompanying map 63.

452 By this time it was raining: Sears, George B. McClellan, 256.

452 The state of panic: Ibid., 257.

454 He wrote late that night: Robert E. Lee, Lee’s Dispatches: Unpublished Letters of General Robert E. Lee, C.S.A., to Jefferson Davis and the War Department of the Confederate States of America, 1862 (New York: Putnam, 1957), 59–60.

454 Lee carefully gave: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 338.

455 At the break of day: Ibid.

455 Longstreet would “remain on the battlefield”: Ibid., 339.

455 Having set Jackson in motion: Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 115.

456 Quite apart from the pain: Ibid.

456 Longstreet followed Jackson at 2 p.m.: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 340.

456 Longstreet complained: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 157.

457 This was not a success: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 341.

457 Longstreet, who came up: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 158.

457 “as the storm of the battle”: Ibid.

457 One of the Union casualties of the battle: Ibid., 159.

458 However much Lee despised Pope: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 342.

458 He had taken over 7,000: Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 117.

459 “Unless something can be done”: Ibid.

459 “My men had nothing to eat”: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 304.

459 Victorious they might be: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 349.

460 Maryland offered many strategic advantages: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 166.

460 “The present seems to be”: War of the Rebellion, A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series 1, Vol. XIX, Part II (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1887), 590–1.

460 “not properly equipped”: Ibid., 590.

460 On September 4 he ordered: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 167.

461 President Lincoln and General Halleck were obliged: Sears, George B. McClellan, 263.

461 Even then he managed: Ibid., 268–69.

462 Lee wrote, “but being made”: War of the Rebellion, A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Series 1, Vol. XIX, Part II, 600.

462 “McClellan has the army with him”: Sears, George B. McClellan, 262.

462 When he reviewed: Ibid.

463 “The march of the Confederates”: Le Comte de Paris, History of the Civil War in America (Philadelphia: Porter and Coates, 1886), Vol. 2, 317–18.

463 The state of his army: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 359, n22.

463 More seriously still: Ibid., 359.

464 Admittedly, Lee’s line of communications: Ibid.

464 Lee had constantly borne in mind: Ibid., 360–61.

465 cut the East “off from the West”: Ibid.

465 This is the first but not the last time: Ibid., 359.

466 Lee heard Longstreet’s booming voice: Ibid., 361, n46.

466 As one of Lee’s two army commanders: Ibid.

467 Lieutenant-Colonel Fremantle: Lt. Col. Arthur James Lyon Fremantle, Three Months in the Southern States, April–June, 1863 (New York: John Bradburn, 1864), 249.

467 “He is an able general”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 362.

468 It might serve: Ibid., 363.

468 Accidentally dropped in “an abandoned Confederate camp”: Fuller, Grant and Lee, 168.

470 Mayor-General J. F. C. Fuller turns positively apoplectic: Ibid., 168.

471 The two men reached Hagerstown: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 366.

472 At this moment of crisis: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 179.

473 Whatever Lee hoped, at this point: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 369.

473 “at daylight”: Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox, 179.

474 This was hardly surprising: Wikipedia, “Battle of Harpers Ferry,” 6.

474 Lee was relieved by this good news: Esposito, The West Point Atlas of American Wars, text accompanying map 67.

475 It was only twelve miles: Wikipedia, “Battle of Harpers Ferry,” 6.

477 Lee would be obliged to fight: Esposito, The West Point Atlas of American Wars, text accompanying map 67.

477 On the morning of September 16: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 381.

477 “if he had had a well-equipped”: Ibid.

478 He expressed only the rather vague intention: Esposito, The West Point Atlas of American Wars, text accompanying map 67.

479 Federal artillery was already firing: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 382.

479 At 4:30 a.m. Lee was awake: Ibid., 387.

480 Even “Fighting Joe” Hooker: Ronald H. Bailey, Antietam: The Bloodiest Day (New York: Time-Life Books, 1984), 70.

481 Around 7:30 a.m.: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 391.

481 “to be sent to Jackson”: Ibid., 390.

481 Lee’s faithful aide: Long, Memoirs of Robert E. Lee, 134.

482 Long, who was beside Lee: Ibid., 131.

482 Everywhere on the field: Rufus Robinson Dawes, Service with the Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers (Marietta, Ohio: E. R. Alderman, 1890), 95.

483 “The roar of musketry”: Long, Memoirs of Robert E. Lee, 132.

483 The slaughter in Bloody Lane: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 2, 392.

484 “without getting their waist belts”: Henry Kyd Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1940), 172.

484 “Gentlemen, we will not cross”: Henry Alexander White, Robert E. Lee (New York: Greenwood, 1969), 224–25.

484